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Analog Beamforming for Massive MIMO in 5G Wireless Communication Systems

Varsha1, Dr.Amandeep2, Kirti3, Arjoo4, Monika5
M.Sc. Computer science1, 3, 4, 5 Artificial Intelligence and Data Science

Assistant Professor2   Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
Guru Jambheswar University of Science and Technology, Hisar

Email- 0707varshaswami@gmail.com

Abstract

Analog beamforming has emerged as a promising solution for power- and cost-efficient wireless communication in massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems, especially within 5G and millimetre-wave (mm Wave) domains. This paper presents a comprehensive study of analog beamforming architecture, its integration in MIMO systems, key performance metrics, simulation results, and a critical comparison with digital and hybrid beamforming methods. The paper explores system-level modelling, performance evaluation, and practical challenges including beam squint, hardware impairments, and phase quantization. Simulation results demonstrate how varying the number of antenna elements and steering angles influence array gain, beamwidth, and sidelobe levels, validating the practicality of analog beamforming for specific wireless applications.

Index Terms

Analog beamforming, Massive MIMO, mm Wave, 5G, phase shifter, spectral Efficiency, beam squint, SNR, antenna arrays, signal processing.