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The Role of Vernacular Languages in Development Communication in India

By Tejaswini Devakumar , Msc, PhD, Faculty, Dept Of Mass Communication and Journalism , Bengaluru City University , Bangalore

Dr Mariswamy, MA, PhD,  Faculty, Dept Of Mass Communication and Journalism , Bengaluru City University , Bangalore

Introduction

India is a land of immense linguistic diversity, with 22 officially recognized languages and hundreds of regional dialects. This multilingual landscape presents both a challenge and an opportunity for development communication—a field concerned with using communication to promote social development. In such a context, vernacular languages (also referred to as regional or local languages) play a pivotal role in ensuring inclusivity, effectiveness, and sustainability in communication aimed at development.

Development communication involves the strategic use of communication processes, techniques, and media to inform and empower individuals and communities. Its goals range from improving public health and education to encouraging civic participation and environmental sustainability. In India, where a large segment of the population resides in rural and semi-urban areas, vernacular languages are often the primary medium of thought and expression. Therefore, any attempt at meaningful development communication must engage with people in their native tongues.

This article explores the multifaceted role of vernacular languages in development communication in India. It examines historical contexts, institutional frameworks, practical implementations, case studies, challenges, and future prospects.