A Comprehensive Study on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Measurement Techniques

Suneetha Irala1
Department of Electronics andCommunication EngineeringAnnamacharya Institute of
Technology and SciencesTirupati,Indiairalasuneetha.aits@gmail.com
Pujith Kommindala4
Department of Electronics andCommunication EngineeringAnnamacharya Institute of
Technology and SciencesTirupati,IndiaKommindalapujith@gmail.com

Neha Sai Velpula2
Department of Electronics andCommunication EngineeringAnnamacharya Institute of
Technology and SciencesTirupati,Indianehasaivelpula2198@gmail.com
Mukunda Yarla5
Department of Electronics andCommunication EngineeringAnnamacharya Institute of
Technology and SciencesTirupati,Indiamonstarmukunda041@gmail.com

Moula Kothapalli3
Department of Electronics andCommunication EngineeringAnnamacharya Institute of
Technology and SciencesTirupati,Indiakothapallimoula@gmail.com

Abstract—Thesynthesisexploresdiversemethodologies for the non-contact estimation of heart rate(HR), breathing rate (BR), and apneadetection. Recentadvancements leverage three primary technological pillars:Wireless Sensing (Wi-i/Radar):Systemslike"PulseFi"utilize Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI) and customLong Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models to achieve highaccuracy without complex multi-antenna setups. Similarly,radar-based studies demonstrate that vital signmeasurement is increasingly feasiblewithmaximumdeviations often falling within 5% to 10%. RemotePhotoplethysmography (rPPG): Camera-based rPPGanalyzes subtle skin color changes. Research indicates thatoptimizing Regions of Interest (ROI), particularly theforehead and cheeks, significantly improves HR estimationaccuracy.