Priority Aware Traffic Control System: A Density-Based and GPS-Enabled Emergency Vehicle Prioritization Approach

Authors:

Anuj Sharma

Mohini Pathak

Raj Baghel

Vipin Meena

Department of Cyber Security & IoT
Samrat Ashok Technological Institute (SATI)
Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India

Corresponding Author:
Neha Jain
Email: nehajain.cs@satiengg.in

Declaration:
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval: Not applicable.
Funding: No funding was received.

Abstract

Traffic congestion and delayed emergency response are major challenges in modern urban environments. Conventional traffic signal systems operate on fixed timing cycles and fail to adapt to real-time traffic density, resulting in inefficiency and increased waiting time. Additionally, these systems do not provide priority to emergency vehicles such as ambulances.
This paper proposes a Priority Aware Traffic Control System that integrates density-based signal control with GPS-based emergency vehicle prioritization. The system uses HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors connected to an Arduino Uno to detect vehicle density and dynamically adjust signal timing.
In emergency scenarios, an Android application transmits GPS coordinates to a Python Flask server, which communicates with the Arduino to override normal operation and provide immediate signal priority.
The proposed system demonstrates a practical and scalable solution for intelligent traffic management in resource-constrained environments.

Keywords: Smart Traffic System, Arduino, IoT, Traffic Density, Emergency Vehicle Priority, GPS