Blockchain for Transparency and Traceability in Agri-Food Supply Chain

Dr. Brindha S¹, Ms. Swathi G², Kavin S S³, Eshan Almighty R⁴, Hrithikesh S⁵, Rishikesh K⁶, Venkata Krishnan S⁷

¹Head of Dept., Computer Networking, PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore

²Lecturer, Computer Networking, PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore

³⁴⁵⁶⁷Students, Computer Networking, PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore

Abstract—Transparency and traceability remain deeply rooted challenges in conventional agri-food supply chains, mainly because of fragmented information flow, heavy reliance on manual record-keeping, centralised data storage, and weak stakeholder accountability. These gaps open the door to food adulteration, data tampering, delayed product recalls, and a steady erosion of consumer confidence. This paper proposes a blockchain-based transparency and traceability framework that securely captures every supply-chain event — spanning production, inspection, processing, transportation, and distribution — on a decentralised and immutable ledger. Smart contracts automate data validation and enforce business rules, while QR-code-based product identification lets stakeholders and consumers retrieve complete product provenance in real time. The system also integrates IoT sensor monitoring for cold-chain compliance, an AI-driven pest management module, reinforcement-learning-based demand forecasting, and a multilingual interface designed to support farmers across diverse linguistic backgrounds. Experimental results demonstrate measurable improvements in data integrity, tamper resistance, and traceability accuracy compared with traditional centralised approaches, confirming the suitability of the proposed platform for practical deployment in modern agri-food supply chains.Index Terms—Blockchain, Agri-Food Supply Chain, Traceability, Smart Contracts, IoT Monitoring, QR Code, Demand Forecasting, Multilingual Interface, Transparency.