Abstract

The growing environmental concerns associated with petroleum-based plastics have accelerated the development of sustainable polymeric materials derived from renewable resources. Starch and tannins are among the most promising natural feedstocks due to their abundance, biodegradability, low toxicity, and excellent chemical functionality. Thermosetting resins synthesized from these biomaterials exhibit improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, and environmental compatibility while reducing dependence on fossil resources. This mini-review summarizes the chemistry of starch and tannins, green synthesis approaches, material properties, applications, and current challenges. The review highlights the potential of starch–tannin thermosets as eco-friendly alternatives for packaging, wood adhesives, coatings, and composite materials.

Keywords: Bio-based polymers, Starch, Tannins, Thermosetting resins, Sustainable plastics, Green materials