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A Comprehensive Review on Bacteria: Diversity, Ecology and Applications

 Aakriti Guleria1

1Associate Professor, School of Health Sciences, Abhilashi University, Chailchowk, Mandi, H.P. (175045) India.

Abstract: Bacteria, the oldest and most diverse group of organisms on Earth, have been integral to the planet's ecosystems and human civilization for billions of years. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of bacteria, including their diversity, ecological roles and various applications across fields such as medicine, agriculture and industry. Starting with an exploration of bacterial taxonomy and phylogeny, we delve into their ecological significance, encompassing their roles in biogeochemical cycles, symbiotic relationships and pathogenicity. Furthermore, we discuss the practical applications of bacteria in biotechnology, environmental remediation and healthcare, highlighting their immense potential and the ongoing research in harnessing their capabilities. Overall, this review emphasizes the paramount importance of bacteria in shaping the world we inhabit and underscores the need for continued study and appreciation of their remarkable diversity and functionality.

 Keywords: Bacteria, Diversity, History, Taxonomy, Classification, Applications.