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A Comprehensive Study on Near-Infrared (NIR) Sensor , ECG Sensor and Electromyography (EMG) Sensor for Biomedical Applications: A Review

A Comprehensive Study on Near-Infrared (NIR) Sensor , ECG Sensor and Electromyography (EMG) Sensor for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Ainul Hasan, Md. Mudassir, Kshitij Upmanyu, Setu Garg, Monika Jain

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

I.T.S. Engineering College

Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract:

The main focus of the method is to implement a prototype model for the real time patient monitoring system. The proposed method is used to measure Electromyography (EMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors are two types of sensors that are commonly used in a variety of applications, including clinical diagnosis, sports performance monitoring, and rehabilitation. EMG sensors detect and record the electrical activity of muscles, while NIR sensors measure changes in the concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood.The amplitude and frequency of the waveform can provide information about the strength and timing of the muscle contraction.   In contrast, NIR sensors are non-invasive and can provide information about changes in blood flow and oxygenation in the tissue. However, NIRS sensors are limited by the depth of tissue penetration and can only measure changes in oxygenation in the superficial tissue.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in combining EMG and NIR sensors to provide more comprehensive information about muscle function. EMG and NIR sensors can provide complementary information about muscle activity, with EMG sensors providing information about the electrical activity of the muscle fibers and NIRS sensors providing information about the metabolic demands of the muscle.

Traditionally, wired communication technology has been used for ICU patient health monitoring systems. However, the novel system continuously monitors patient health and transmits acquired data through a Wi-Fi wireless sensor network. An embedded processor analyzes the patient's input, and the results of all parameters are stored in a database. If the patient experiences any abnormality, indications are sent to medical officials or caretakers. The advanced ARDUINO microcontroller is used to implement the system, and simulation results are obtained.

Health monitoring has become essential for all individuals in recent years, and several techniques have been used for this purpose. The Atmega328 microcontroller is used for continuous monitoring, and several sensor units are considered, including temperature and heart rate sensors.