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A Comprehensive Systemic Review on Impacts of Air Pollution on Animals Health

A K Vishwakarma1*Aashu2, Anjali Patel2, Priyanka Pal2, Pushpa Yadav2, Sandhya Yadav2, Sheelu
Yadav2, Shweta Pal2
1*A K Vishwakarma Assistant Professor Department of Zoology, Doodhnath Singh Smarak Mahavidyalaya
Mariahu, Jaunpur (U.P.), India 222161;
E mail: akhi.vk1990@gmail.com,
2PG Scholar, Department of Zoology, Doodhnath Singh Smarak Mahavidyalaya, Mariahu, Jaunpur.

Abstract:The air pollution shows one of most impactful environmental threats on animal health of the 21 century, but non-human animals remain under characterized than human health effects. This review analyses the evidence on relation between impact of air pollutants and health issues across wildlife, domestic animals and captive populations. From recent research, epidemiological studies and mechanistic investigations, we examine the many effects of ozone, sulphur dioxide, particulate matter, heavy metals, and nitrogen oxides on vertebrate and invertebrate species. The evidence represents that human health impacts specially neurologic and respiratory disorders parallel associated with species-specific vulnerabilities with behaviour, anatomy and ecological niche. The cardiovascular and reproductive outcomes remain underrepresented in the veterinary literature compared to human studies. The haematological effects in urban wildlife, population-level declines in birds associated with ozone exposure and changing the behaviour of invertebrate by air pollutants. This review identifies the critical knowledge gaps, combined effects of pollutant mixtures, scarcity of research on cats and long term impacts on population of sub-lethal exposures, which helps to public health protection, wildlife conservation and veterinary guidance.
Keywords: respiratory disorder, wildlife, heavy metals, ozone.