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A Review of Alternative Methodologies: Reducing Animal use in Scientific Research

Corresponding Author : Ms.Shraddha Pramod Ubale

Affiliation : Postgraduate student

Institution : Konkan Gyanpeeth Rahul Dharkar College of Pharmacy, Karjat , Maharashtra 410201.

Author : Dr. Vanita Kanase

Affiliation : Principal

Institution : Aims college of pharmacy, Aims foundation, Vadvali, Dombivali (East) – 421 204

ABSTRACT:

As medical technology has progressed in both research and development, more animals have been employed in studies.Every year, millions of animals are utilized in experiments all around the world. However, these models come at a high cost, require a lot of work, and sometimes produce results that cannot be applied to a human in vivo setting. They have also brought up important social and ethical problems recently. This has compelled the researchers to look for methods to shorten the duration of drug screening procedures, as well as to reduce the quantity of animals used and improve the treatment of animals humanely. Several alternatives to animal testing have been proposed in order to address the drawbacks of the practice and avoid the unethical aspects of it. Three R's have been used by Russell and Burch to define these alternatives: reduction, refinement, and replacement. Physico-chemical procedures, tissue culture, microbiological systems, stem cells, DNA chips, microfluidics, computer analysis models, epidemiological surveys, and materials derived from plant tissue are some of these alternative methods. In this review, a brief description of these alternatives and their benefits is discussed.

Key words: Alternatives to animal testing, Animal welfare, In silico models, Imaging techniques, Ethical considerations