AI Powered Smart Irrigation System with Solar Energy and Automatic Pump Control

Authors:

VIDHYASAGAR L, SUNILKUMAR M, MR. M. Umamahesh, Dr. V Saishanmuga raja, Dr M. Sujitha

Abstract:

Efficient water management is a major challenge in modern agriculture due to increasing water scarcity and the need for sustainable farming practices.

Traditional irrigation methods often result in excessive water usage, lack of precision, and increased human effort. This paper presents an AI-powered smart irrigation system that integrates Internet of Things (IoT), solar energy, and automatic pump control to optimize irrigation processes and improve agricultural productivity. The proposed system utilizes a soil moisture sensor to continuously monitor soil conditions and a DHT11 sensor to measure temperature and humidity. An ESP32 microcontroller processes the collected data and communicates with an ESP32-CAM module, which performs crop classification using a YOLO- based artificial intelligence model. When the soil moisture level falls below a predefined threshold, the system requests crop identification and determines the appropriate irrigation duration based on the detected plant type.

A relay-controlled water pump is then activated to supply the exact amount of water required, thereby minimizing wastage. The entire system is powered by a solar panel with battery backup, ensuring uninterrupted operation even in remote areas with limited access to electricity. Additionally, real-time data transmission via WiFi and Bluetooth enhances monitoring and system control.

Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system significantly reduces water consumption, improves irrigation efficiency, and enables intelligent decision-making. This solution provides a cost- effective, energy-efficient, and scalable approach for implementing smart irrigation in modern agriculture.