Automatic Wheelchair by Controlling Head Movement

Authors:

Mr. Kadgonda. A. Patil, Sudesh Nayakawade1, Digvijay Patil 2, Aman Naikwade3 Sumit Patil4

1,2,3,4Department of Electronics & Computer Engineering, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Yadrav (Ichalkaranji) Maharashtra, India

Abstract - This paper presents the design and implementation of an automatic wheelchair controlled by head gestures, specifically targeting users with limited limb mobility. The system utilizes an ADXL345 accelerometer mounted on a wearable cap to capture real-time head tilt (pitch and roll) for directional control. The control signals are processed by an Arduino Nano microcontroller, which interfaces with a BLDC Hub Motor Controller to provide precise and efficient locomotion via two 12V batteries. For safety, an Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) is integrated for real-time obstacle detection and a dedicated Emergency Button is included, which deactivates the entire system for a five-minute cooldown period. The system's operational status (e.g., speed, battery level, obstacle proximity) is transmitted via an IoT module (ESP32/Wi-Fi) to a cloud platform for remote monitoring and predictive maintenance. This design emphasizes low-latency control, energy efficiency, and user safety, positioning it as a practical, affordable, and robust solution for assistive mobility.

Key Words: Automatic Wheelchair, Head Gesture Control, ADXL345 Accelerometer, Arduino Nano, BLDC Hub Motor Controller, Assistive Mobility, Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04), Obstacle Detection, Emergency Button, IoT Monitoring, ESP32, Realtime Control, Predictive Maintenance, Low-latency System, Energy Efficiency, User Safety, Wearable Cap Interface, Mobility Aid System.