Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Their Effect on Reproductive Toxicity in Females

Vimla Bind1, Asha Rani1 Dr. Prem Chand2, Dr. Ajay Kumar2

(1: first Author, 2: Corresponding Author)

Department of Zoology,

Tilak Dhari PG College Jaunpur Husainabad, Jaunpur,

Affiliated to VBSPU Jaunpur

Uttar Pradesh, India. Pin No. 222002

Abstract

Reproductive organs are necessary not just for an individual's life, but also for the species' survival and evolution. Reproductive organs respond inversely to exposed with hazardous substances and causes adverse effects on animal and human health. Infertility, cancer, and other diseases have increased during the last fifty years or more, while many anthropogenic activities have released harmful compounds into the environment, including cadmium, lead, and mercury heavy metals exposures. Present review is aimed to determine the influence of heavy metals on the female reproductive system, their effect on the external and internal physiology, and the effect of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, mercury) on molecular level in female. Different parameters that affect the female reproductive system by different level of exposure at different developmental level are significantly associated with heavy metals. Occupational exposure, accidental exposure and environmental exposure by heavy metals affected the female reproductive system.

Key Words: Reduced fertility, Hatching, Semimetals, Heavy metals, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury