Design and Implementation of a Modular Autonomous Vehicle for Less Accessible Areas Using Arduino Uno

Amar R. Barbade1, Prathamesh R. Gade2, Suyash M. Gadhave3, Prof. J. H. Shaikh4

1,2,3Students, 4Assistant Professor

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering SVPM’S College of Engineering, Malegaon (Bk), India Savitribai Phule Pune University

barbadeamar288@gmail.com1, prathameshgade9696@gmail.com2, gadhavesuyash1920@gmail.com3

Abstract—Autonomous transportation systems have emerged as a critical component of modern industrial, healthcare, and lo-gistics environments. The transportation of materials, medicines, documents, and equipment in less accessible indoor areas re-mains largely dependent on manual labor, resulting in increased operational costs, inefficiencies, and delays. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Modular Autonomous Vehicle for Less Accessible Areas using the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The proposed system integrates line-following sensors for path navigation, RFID technology for location identification, ultrasonic sensing for obstacle detection, and servo-assisted mechanisms for enhanced navigation capabilities. A four-wheel drive platform controlled through an L298N motor driver provides reliable mobility and stability across different indoor environments. The vehicle autonomously follows predefined routes, identifies checkpoints through RFID tags, detects obstacles in real time, and provides visual and audible feedback through LED indicators and buzzers. Experimental evaluation demonstrated a line-following accuracy of 95.4%, RFID recognition reliability of 96.2%, obstacle avoidance efficiency of 93.8%, and overall navigation reliability exceeding 94%. The modular architecture enables easy upgrades, maintenance, and customization for applications in hospitals, warehouses, laboratories, and industrial facilities. The proposed solution provides a cost-effective, scalable, and energy-efficient approach for autonomous transportation in constrained indoor environments.

Index Terms—Arduino Uno, Autonomous Vehicle, RFID, Ul-trasonic Sensor, Line Following Robot, Indoor Navigation, Obsta-cle Detection, L298N Motor Driver, Autonomous Transportation, Embedded Systems.