Development of a Self-Navigating Sprayer for Controlled Pesticide Application-Robotics

Dr N Pushpalatha1, P Bindu Priya2, O Jagadeesh3, D Hema Venkata Suma4, K Charan Kumar5
1 Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of
Technology and Sciences- Tirupati, India, pushpalatha825@gmail.com
2U.G. Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of
Technology and Sciences- Tirupati, India, bindupriyaperampati@gmail.com
3U.G. Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of
Technology and Sciences- Tirupati, India, jagaosuru@gmail.com
4U.G. Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Annamacharya
Institute of Technology and Sciences- Tirupati, India, sumadhv@gmail.com
5U.G. Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of
Technology and Sciences- Tirupati, India, kummethacharan29@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Precision in pesticide application plays a vital role in sustainable agricultural practices. Conventional manual spraying methods frequently result in excessive chemical usage, uneven distribution, and health hazards to farmers. This paper presents the design and implementation of a solar-assisted autonomous robotic sprayer intended to deliver pesticides in a controlled and energy-efficient manner.The system is built around an ESP32 microcontroller responsible for locomotion control and regulated chemical discharge. A four-wheel drive mechanism powered through an L293D motor driver enables stable field navigation. The spraying unit employs a diaphragm pump integrated with fine atomizing nozzles to achieve uniform droplet dispersion. Energy requirements are met through a 12V solar module supported by a rechargeable battery system, ensuring uninterrupted off grid operation. Field evaluation demonstrates improved spray consistency, reduced chemical consumption, and minimized human exposure. The developed model offers a practical step toward affordable precision agriculture for small and medium-scale farms