GSM BASED AUTOMATIC THREE PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE REAL TIME MONITORING & FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM USING MICROCONTROLLER

Authors:

Virendra Baghele, Nidhi Agade, Divya Lanjewar, Kajal Lilhare, Arpit Hanwate

Guide: Prof. Geetanjali Jichkar

Madhukarrao Pandav College of Engineering Bhilewada, Bhandara

Abstract - The increasing demand for reliable and efficient power transmission systems has made fault detection and real-time monitoring essential in modern electrical networks. This project presents a GSM-based automatic three-phase transmission line real-time monitoring and fault detection system using an embedded system. The proposed system is designed to continuously monitor important electrical parameters such as voltage levels in a three-phase transmission line and detect faults including low voltage, high voltage, line-to-line faults, line-to-earth faults, and open circuit conditions.

An embedded microcontroller-based system is used to process the input signals obtained from sensors connected to the transmission line. Whenever an abnormal condition or fault is detected, the system immediately activates a protective mechanism using an electromagnetic relay, which can operate a circuit breaker to isolate the faulty section and prevent further damage.

To ensure effective communication, a GSM modem is integrated into the system to send real-time SMS alerts to the substation engineer or concerned authority. These alerts provide instant information about the type and location of the fault, enabling quick response and corrective action. Additionally, the system can periodically transmit real-time electrical parameters for continuous monitoring.

The implementation of this system improves the reliability, safety, and efficiency of power transmission by reducing downtime, minimizing equipment damage, and enabling faster fault diagnosis. This makes it a cost- effective and practical solution for modern smart grid and power management applications.

Key Words: GSM Communication, Three-Phase, Transmission Line, Fault Detection System, Real-Time Monitoring, Embedded System, Voltage Monitoring, Line-to-Line Fault, Line-to-Earth Fault, Open Circuit Detection, Short Circuit Detection, Electromagnetic Relay, Circuit Breaker Protection, SMS Alert System, Power System Protection, Smart Grid Technology.