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Innovative Cavity Design for Hydrogen Masers using Simulation Methods

Tapash Kumar1 and Nikhilesh Kumar2
1Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 2The NorthCap University, Gurugram
kumar.tapash565@gmail.com, kumar.nikhilesh@gmail.com

Abstract
The research paper aims to describe the design and mprovement of a microwave cavity employed in an active hydrogen maser for use in NavIC and Deep Space Network systems. The exceptional frequency stability of the hydrogen maser depends on the behavior of hydrogen atoms within a finely tuned microwave cavity [2]. The paper explores critical factors in the design of this casing, including cavity form, material selection, and magnetic field homogeneity. These elements are ssential for establishing proper resonance—the resulting frequency of the vibratory motion necessary for achieving the intended goal frequency and Q-factor. Advanced simulation tools like HFSS and Ansys Maxwell are used for modeling the cavities. Following this, the performance of the cavities is evaluated underdifferent operational conditions. The study focuses on the effects of these design features on the maser's stability and examines whether it is a viable technologyfor further development, particularly in space-related navigation systems where long-term frequency stability is crucial. The findings contribute to the creation of more accurate and precise time sources for satellite navigation systems [4].