Real-Time Crowd Density Monitoring Using YOLOv8 and Deterministic Logic for Public Safety Applications
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Real-Time Crowd Density Monitoring Using YOLOv8 and Deterministic Logic for Public Safety Applications
Bathala Harsha1, Deepankar Ambarish2, Chethan G3, K Raghava Aryan 4 & Dr.G. Nagendra babu5
1 2 3 4 5 6Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University)
Abstract - Monitoring crowd density in real time is critical for preventing congestion-related hazards in high-traffic public environments such as streets, transit hubs, and large gathering areas. Conventional surveillance systems largely depend on manual observation, which is prone to delayed responses and subjective judgment. This paper presents the Crowd Density Monitoring System (CDMS), an autonomous and edge-optimized framework designed for real-time situational awareness and proactive crowd safety management. The proposed system employs YOLOv8-based person detection for accurate human localization and integrates optical flow analysis to capture motion intensity within the scene. A deterministic logic engine combines crowd density and motion cues to compute a normalized congestion index on a 0–100 scale, enabling transparent and interpretable risk assessment without reliance on black-box prediction models. The framework further identifies spatial hotspots and classifies crowd conditions into normal, warning, and critical states, triggering automated operational directives and email alerts under hazardous conditions. Experimental evaluation using controlled surveillance video scenarios demonstrates that CDMS operates reliably in real time with low latency on GPU-enabled edge hardware, effectively detecting critical crowding events and supporting timely intervention. The proposed system highlights the practicality of deterministic, explainable analytics for real-world crowd monitoring and public safety applications.
Key Words: Crowd Density Monitoring, YOLOv8, Deterministic Logic Engine, Optical Flow, Real-Time Surveillance, Edge Computing
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