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Role of NSAIDS in Dentistry- A Narrative Review

Dr. Bhavani Pyla,1 Dr.Lakshmana Rao. Bathala,2 Dr.Sudheer Konadaka,3 Dr.Lalitha Sankeerthana.V,4 Dr.Naga Sowmya Nandika,5 Dr.Sudha Rani.P 6

1.Post Graduate Student, Dept of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2. Prof & HOD, Dept of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

3. Professor, Dept of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

4. Post Graduate Student, Dept of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

5. . Post Graduate Student, Dept of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

6. Post Graduate Student, Dept of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

INTRODUCTION:

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs are referred to as NSAIDs. These drugs belong to a class that is frequently used to treat fever, lessen inflammation, and relieve pain. [1]

Common Uses of NSAIDs:

Pain Relief: Headaches, toothaches, muscle aches, menstrual cramps, arthritis pain, etc.

Reduction of Inflammation: Arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, and other inflammatory conditions.

Fever Reduction: Helping to bring down a high temperature.

Mechanism of action of NSAIDs

NSAIDs function by preventing the body from producing prostaglandins, which are molecules that are involved in fever, inflammation, and pain [2]. NSAIDs work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX), a protein that prevents arachidonic acid from being converted into prostaglandins that cause inflammation. NSAIDs lessen pain and inflammation following oral surgery or in cases of mucositis and periodontitis. While there are two isoforms of COX (COX-1 and COX-2), COX-2 is mostly involved in proinflammatory effects, whereas COX-1 primarily serves physiological purposes. Consequently, the majority of NSAID side effects, such as gastrointestinal distress, liver damage, or cardiovascular problems, are linked to COX-1 inhibition. [3-6] Because of their strong analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, NSAID medications are employed. The mechanism of action of NSAIDs is inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, which is involved in the manufacture of prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane (TX). [7]

The Role of Prostaglandins:

Prostaglandins are hormone-like chemicals produced by the body in response to injury or irritation. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including:

Pain perception: Prostaglandins sensitize nerve endings, amplifying pain signals to the brain.

Inflammation: They promote inflammation by triggering processes like blood vessel dilation, redness, swelling, and heat.

Fever: Prostaglandins act on the hypothalamus, the body's thermostat, to elevate body temperature.