Structural and Physicochemical Properties of MgZn_xTi_xFe_2−2xO₄ Spinel Ferrite Synthesized by the Solid-State Reaction Method

Authors:

Shivanand V. Kshirsagar

Dept. of Physics, Mrs. K. S. K. College, Beed. (M. S.) India.

*Corresponding author: kshivapvp@rediffmail.com

Abstract

MgZn_xTi_xFe_2−2xO₄ spinel ferrites (x = 0.0–0.6) were synthesized by the conventional double-sintering ceramic technique. The structural properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), density measurements and cation distribution analysis. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure without detectable secondary phases. The lattice constant increased from 8.37 Å to 8.46 Å with increasing Zn–Ti substitution due to the larger ionic radii of Zn2+ and Ti⁴⁺ compared with Fe³⁺. X-ray density decreased slightly whereas porosity increased with composition. FTIR spectra exhibited two characteristic absorption bands corresponding to tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The calculated hopping lengths and bond lengths increased with substitution, indicating structural expansion of the spinel lattice. The results demonstrate that Zn–Ti co-substitution strongly influences the structural parameters of Mg ferrites and provides a route for tailoring ferrite properties for electronic and magnetic applications.

Keywords: Spinel ferrite, Mg-Zn-Ti ferrite, XRD, FTIR, lattice constant, cation distribution, density, hopping length