Structural Behaviour of Tall Buildings: A Comprehensive Review of Systems, Analysis Methods, and Future Directions

Ankit Ahirwar *1, Dr. Rahul Kumar Satbhaiya *2

*¹ Research Scholar, Civil Department, Infinity Management & Engineering College, Sagar

*2 HOD and Guide, Civil Department, Infinity Management & Engineering College, Sagar

Abstract:Background: The 21st century is an era of fast urbanisation, which has led to the widespread development of super tall and mega tall buildings. A thorough understanding of structural response under combined loading conditions is essential to efficiently counter gravity forces, wind loads and seismic excitations to ensure occupant comfort. The aim of this review paper is to follow a systematic approach to summarizing the evolution of structural systems used in tall building structures, assessing the analytical and experimental methods used to analyze them and the challenges that exist, and highlighting new research directions. Key Findings: Diagrid and outrigger-belt truss systems offer a higher lateral stiffness efficiency, where the ratios of structural steel requirement of these systems as compared to conventional framed tube systems are 15-30%. Today, the use of composite structures with structural steel frames and high strength concrete cores is the predominant method in the construction of supertalls. The most exciting areas of future research include the use of AI for structural optimisation, multi-hazard resilience frameworks, topology optimisation, and smart materials.

Keywords: all buildings; Lateral loads; Structural systems; Seismic analysis; Wind loading; Diagrid; Outrigger; Composite construction; Performance-based design; Smart structures.